NOKEScam: Understanding and Rectifying Non-Sense Keywords Spear Scam in Search Engines

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Presented at USENIX Security 2025 by

NOKEScam (NOn-sense KEyword Spear scam) is an emerging fraud technique. NOKEScam uses uncommon and usually non-sense keywords (NSKeywords) as vectors to lure victims without complex Black Hat SEO techniques. The obscure NSKeywords ensure the top search results as only NOKEScam pages are exactly matched, misleading victims into trusting them. NOKEScam severely impacts victims and search engines, but its uniqueness has hindered prior research and efficient detection methods.