Automated Soundness and Completeness Vetting of Polygon zkEVM
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Presented at USENIX Security 2025 by
Zero-knowledge rollups have emerged as popular layer 2 scaling solutions for blockchains. Polygon zkEVM, a leading deployment of zk rollups, leverages non-deterministic execution to derive free inputs from an unconstrained command evaluator when implementing the zkEVM. This mechanism significantly simplifies the design of zkEVM and enhances the performance of proof generation. However, it introduces the challenge of requiring developers to define constraints for free inputs, a task that demands strong mathematical expertise and is prone to errors. As a component of the layer-2 infrastructure, the zkEVM's vulnerabilities could lead to powerful attacks. However, despite their importance, the security of free inputs in zkEVM remains unexplored.