For identity and access management (IDAM), both human and machine access need to be secured. Enterprises place considerable focus on securing human identities, relying on usernames, passwords, smart cards, and biometrics to access machines. However, securing automated machine-to-machine communications is equally as important as many of these transactions contain sensitive, critical information. For machine identities, enterprises rely on cryptographic keys and digital certificates, such as TLS and SSH, for authentication and authorization of machine-to-machine connections. Securing machine identities is critical as machine communications are frequently at a privileged level, which in turn elevates machine identity risk. While organizations rigorously audit human access, auditing of machine identities is often overlooked. IDAM for machines is a threat vector that enterprises should address to reduce the risk of compromise by threat actors. Traditional risk management narrowly audits certificates, private keys, or SSH keys and views these methods individually rather than as a connected whole. Instead, enterprises need to take a more holistic approach to assessing machine identity risk and link audit outcomes to regulatory compliance requirements.