Jim Mckenney will speak on how software-integration into control processes is introducing uncertainty into traditional functional safety analysis techniques by promoting new failure modes into vital systems such as propulsion, power, navigation, steering, braking, doors and operator displays. He will use the recent failures of the 737 MAX 8 which killed 346 people as a common reference point to discuss hazards to vehicles including; airplanes, vessels, freight and passenger rail and heavy industry vehicles. He will discuss new methods to better identify functional failure modes that take into account cyber threats and vulnerabilities.