The United States has developed over the years, an incredibly powerful and complex information technology (IT) infrastructure—an infrastructure that is inexorably linked to the economic and national security interests of the Nation. The total dependence on IT infrastructure for mission and business success in both the public and private sectors, including the critical infrastructure, has left the Nation extremely vulnerable to hostile cyber-attacks and other serious threat events, including natural disasters, structural/component failures, and errors of omission and commission. The susceptibility to the cyber threat is a concern for both public and private networks. In light of the current state of the IT infrastructure, it will be important going forward to build an effective response to measurably increase confidence in the IT systems we depend on (public and private) and at the same time, decrease a would-be attacker's confidence in the effectiveness of their capabilities to compromise our systems.